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Post Operative Urinrary retention ( POUR) may be transient and cause little patient discomfort, but it may also permanently damage urinary function if not relieved. Ultrasound assessment (bladder scanning) has been used to accurately measure and define POUR. Bladder volumes ranging from 400 to 600 ml have been used as cut-off values. Baldini et al. reported an increase of POUR with age, and a higher incidence in men than in women. Other reported risk factors of POUR are spinal anesthesia, duration of surgery and the amount of perioperative intravenous fluids. In a study that includes 800 patients, Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify patient and system factors linked to POUR in   hospitalized patients who had undergone orthopedic, abdominal, gynecological or plastic surgery without an indwelling urinary catheter. According to this study the independent risk factors for POUR lack of pre-operative voiding, use of regional anesthesia anesthesia time ...

Monopolar TURP The conventional gold standard for TURP was the monopolar electrode resectoscope. With the monopolar electrode, layers of prostatic tissue are resected with a cutting current transmitted through a single-limb electrode which exits the patient by way of a grounding pad. A non-electrolyte bladder-irrigating solution is required to avoid dispersion of the electrical current as well as tissue damage at the site of prostatic resection. TURP syndrome is a potentially serious complication which can occur when a nonelectrolyte, hypoosmolar bladder-irrigating solution is used. Bipolar TURP Bipolar TURP electrode technology incorporates a continuous loop electrode to resect prostatic tissue of BPH. This surgical tool is designed to contain the inflow and outflow of current via the resectoscope for prostatic tissue resection. By being completely self-contained within the bipolar unit, the current is prevented from passing through the patient. The advantage of this system is tha...