The use of anesthetic agents can effect the response to carbon dioxide.
Sedative doses of opioids shift the curve to the right without a significant change in the slope of the curve. Large doses of opioids have a similar effect to that of inhalational agents causing a shift to the right and a downward sloping. This effect means that for a given rate of alveolar ventilation would occur at a much higher PaCO2 and increases occur at a much slower rate.
Miller: Miller's Anesthesia, 7th ed. Pg 584 – 585
Koeppen & Stanton: Berne and Levy Physiology, Updated Edition, 6th ed. Chapter 2
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