Treatment decision-making algorithm for postdural puncture headache. 1. When diagnosis is made, all patients should receive supportive measures (reassurance, bed rest, analgesics, hydration, quiet environment). 2. Severity of symptoms should be classified using VAS scale (mild 1–3, moderate 4–6, severe 7–10). 3. Virtually all patients will improve in time even without additional therapy. (dashed lines) 4. Symptoms worsen or fail to resolve within 5 days. 5. Patient preference dictates the choice between pharmacologic (less effective) and epidural blood patch (EBP). 6. In patients with severe symptoms, EBP is strongly suggested. 7. The most common pharmacologic measure is caffeine prescription. 8. The failure, worsening, or recurrence of symptoms after pharmacologic measures favors the use of EBP. 9. In addition to EBP, other epidural treatment options can be considered in select patients (eg, dextran , saline). 10. A period of 24 h should lapse before repeating EBP. 11...
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ReplyDeleteOXYGEN CYLINDER ENDURANCE CALCULATION FORMULA
ReplyDeleteduration of flow in minutes = (gauge pressure-safe residual pressure) x constant/ flow rate in liters per minute
safe residual pressure:200
constants:
D cylinder 0.16
E cylinder 0.28
M cylinder 1.56
H cylinder 3.14
For example, a "D" oxygen cylinder with an available cylinder pressure of 1800 p.s.i.(2000-200) has 288 litters of available oxygen (1800 x 0.16 = 288).
Remember that the available liters do not include the oxygen that is still left in the
cylinder when the safe residual level is reached.