| Device/System | Oxygen Flow Rate (L/min) | FIO2 Range |
|---|---|---|
| Nasal cannula | 1 | 0.21–0.24 |
| 2 | 0.23–0.28 | |
| 3 | 0.27–0.34 | |
| 4 | 0.31–0.38 | |
| 5–6 | 0.32–0.44 | |
| Simple masks | 5–6 | 0.30–0.45 |
| 7–8 | 0.40–0.60 | |
| Masks with reservoirs | 5 | 0.35–0.50 |
| Partial rebreathing mask-bag | 7 | 0.35–0.75 |
| 15 | 0.65–1.00 | |
| Nonrebreathing mask-bag | 7–15 | 0.40–1.00 |
| Venturi masks and jet nebulizers | 4–6 (total flow = 15) | 0.24 |
| 4–6 (total flow = 45) | 0.28 | |
| 8–10 (total flow = 45) | 0.35 | |
| 8–10 (total flow = 33) | 0.40 | |
| 8–12 (total flow = 33) | 0.50 |
Falls from Height is Knwon to cause major morbidities and mortalities. There are several prognostic factors for survival that have been identified: Height Age Type of surface Body part that touches the ground first Two other factors are important, but do not have a significant effect on mortality: Circumstances of the fall (suicide, accident, escape) Initial impact with an object before impacting the ground Height . Overall, about half of victims die at the scene, and a total of 70% die before they reach the hospital . The median height leading to death is about 49 feet, or about 4 to 5 storeys. 100% of victims die after falling 85 feet, or about 8 storeys. Age . Mortality increases with age due to pre-existing medical conditions and decreased physiologic reserve. Type of surface . The type of surface struck (i.e. grass, water, construction debris) can also have an effect on secondary injuries and survival. Mortality after striking a hard surface is nearly doubl...
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