- SnOUT: If a test has a high sensitivity and the elicited test is negative, you have essentially ruled OUT the disease.
- How accurately the test picks up patients WITH disease
- SpIN: If a test has a high specificity and the test is positive, you have essentially ruled IN the disease.
- How accurately the test picks up patients WITHOUT disease
Likelihood Ratio (LR):
- Compares results of patients with disease vs patients without disease
- More accurate than sensitivity and specificity
- Helps you derive the post-test probability
- Takes sensitivity and specificity into account simultaneously
- When LR >1 it means the probability of disease increases
- When LR <1 it means the probability of disease decreases
- When LR = 1, the probability of disease is unchanged
- Before ordering a test, eliciting a symptom, or finding a sign, ask yourself: How will the absence or presence of this factor change my post-test probability?
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