Autonomic Hyperreflexia

Anatomy: Spinal cord injury T7 or above
Stimulus: Cutaneous, visceral (bladder), proprioceptive, below the level of the lesion
Etiology: Spinal reflex which is normally inhibited by descending feedback
Result: hypertension followed by overzealous vagal response (brady, heart block, vasodilation)

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The pressure volume loop...

In the pressure-volume loop below, cardiac work is best represented by: the area of the curve the slope of the line from points C to D the distance of the line from points C to D the slope of a line from points A to D .. .. ... .... ... .... .... .... In the pressure-volume loop below, cardiac work is best represented by: the area of the curve Cardiac work is the product of pressure and volume and is linearly related to myocardial oxygen consumption. Cardiac work is best represented by the area of the curve of a pressure-volume loop.

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